Mithradates, Satrap of Armenia - AE 4 chalkoi - Bee

Kovacs-295; ANRO-878

Armenia Minor
Mithradates, Satrap of Armenia 212-? BC
AE 4 chalkoi
Obv. Head of Mithradates left, in bashlyk.
Rev. Bee; Aramaic inscription
Kovacs-295

Kovacs ascribed this extremely rare and curious coin to Armenia Minor under the rule of a nephew of Antiochos III who had been appointed satrap there. K believed this was possibly/maybe/perhaps correct because of the bashlyk he wears, which he viewed as being more appropriate to a satrap than to a king; and also because of the use of Aramaic, which he saw as a parallel to the relatively contemporary use in Parthia by Arsakes I and in Armenia Major by Artaxias, all initially satraps rather than kings. However, W. Müseler had previously identified K 295 as being a coin of the Persian nobleman Mithradates (III) of Cius, who fled into the wilds of Paphlagonia in 302, following the execution of his father Mithradates II by Antigonus Monophthalmus. Interestingly enough he had been warned by Demetrios Poliorketes! He then managed to consolidate his control over the area until becoming king Mithradates I Ktistes of Pontos in 281. In this case, the use of an Aramaic legend on coins would be paralleled by its use on the issues of Ariarathes I of Cappadocia, who ruled the area first as satrap c. 350-c. 331, and then as king from 331 until his crucifixion by the regent Perdiccas in 322. Some support for M's attribution comes from the bee reverse type, which has a number of parallels in the 4th and 3rd centuries, but few in the late 3rd and 2nd. While we have chosen to follow K's attribution, M's seems more likely.